Art - Gauthier (F)
نویسندگان
چکیده
Evidence for specialization in the fusiform gyrus for human face perception comes from both neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies1–8. We explored the possibility that this putative ‘face area’ may be the result of our extensive experience with faces—a hypothesis that stems from behavioral work on face recognition. Initial studies demonstrated that inversion is more detrimental to the recognition of faces than of objects10 and that upright faces are recognized more holistically than objects11,12, which led to the suggestion that faces are recognized using specialized visual mechanisms. However, similar behavioral effects have since been obtained with non-face objects for expert subjects (for example, dog show judges or handwriting experts)13–16. Based on such results, we reasoned that the activation in the face area may likewise depend on a subject’s expertise with a given object category. Subjects were trained with novel objects called greebles14 (Fig. 1) until they were as fast at categorizing such stimuli at the individual level as they were at categorizing them at the more general ‘family’ level; such a change in performance is considered to be diagnostic of expertise14,15,17. Five adult subjects were scanned using fMRI (see Methods) in an initial session before any exposure to the greebles, at three different times during training and twice after having reached our criterion for Greeble expertise. To isolate expert processing, we compared tasks with upright and inverted images for faces and for greebles. In this comparison, the within-class stimuli are well matched in every perceptual aspect but expertise, which should be specific to the familiar upright orientation13,14,18.
منابع مشابه
Landau's theorem for planar harmonic mappings
Landau gave a lower estimate for the radius of a schlicht disk centered at the origin and contained in the image of the unit disk under a bounded holomorphic function f normalized by f(0) = f ′(0)− 1 = 1. Chen, Gauthier, and Hengartner established analogous versions for bounded harmonic functions. We improve upon their estimates.
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تاریخ انتشار 1999